Jurnal Agrinika: Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Agribisnis
Title : Jurnal Agrinika: Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Agribisnis Initials : J. Agrinika Publications : 2 issues per year (March and September) DOI : prefix 10.30737 Accreditation : SINTA 3 ISSN : 2721-2807 (online) 2579-3659 (print) Editor-in-chief : Nina Lisanty Publisher : Kadiri University Managed by : Agriculture Faculty - Agrotechnology and Agribusiness Study Programs Language : English
Kadiri University - Faculty of Agriculture
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Loss–Gain Framing Effects on Maize Farmers’ Contract Farming Decisions for Enhancing Farm Economic Sustainability
Maize is a strategic food commodity in Indonesia, yet smallholder farmers remain vulnerable to high price volatility and market uncertainty that threaten the economic sustainability of farm enterprises. Contract farming has been promoted as a mechanism to stabilize income and strengthen farmers’ market access, but participation remains uneven and may depend not only on structural factors but also on how contract benefits and risks are communicated. This study aims to examine how loss–gain framing affects maize farmers’ intentions to participate in contract farming and to identify the key determinants of actual participation. A quantitative survey was conducted with 120 maize farmers in Jelbuk Subdistrict, Jember Regency, East Java, selected through purposive sampling to represent both contract and independent farmers. Farmers evaluated contract messages framed as potential gains or potential losses using a five-point Likert scale, and differences in responses were assessed using paired non-parametric tests. Binary logistic regression was then applied to explain farmers’ contract participation decisions. The results show that gain-framed messages generated higher intention scores than loss-framed messages across both farmer groups, indicating that benefit-oriented communication is more persuasive. However, participation decisions were more closely associated with farm size, profitability, age, and education than with framing responses alone. These findings suggest that effective contract farming expansion requires both supportive economic conditions and communication strategies emphasizing tangible benefits to enhance farm economic sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizky Yanuarti, Yuli Hariyati, Orawan Srisompun, Agus Supriono, Ebban Bagus Kuntadi, Ati Kusmiati, Titin Agustina, Suwali Suwali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Readiness for Total Quality Management Implementation and Its Association with Product Quality and Production Efficiency: A Case Study of Raja Rasa Traditional Snack MSME
This study aims to assess the readiness for the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) and explore its relationship with product quality and production efficiency in a micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) producing snacks through a single case study approach, which has limitations in terms of generalization. The respondents involved were owners and employees (n = 4) who were selected purposively. TQM readiness was measured using an instrument based on five dimensions, namely customer focus, continuous improvement, employee involvement, leadership, and process management, which were adapted from the TQM conceptual framework and measured using a 1–5 Likert scale. The readiness index was calculated using a simple unweighted average, with the following categories: 1.0–2.0 (not ready), 2.1–3.0 (not very ready), 3.1–4.0 (quite ready), and 4.1–5.0 (ready). Product quality and production efficiency were evaluated based on respondents' views, supported by direct observation of the production process to reduce bias in internal reports. This analysis was performed using descriptive and Spearman's rank correlation statistics. The findings of this study show that the readiness index is 4.00, product quality is 3.66, and production efficiency is 3.16. The identified relationship shows a positive connection between TQM readiness and product quality (ρ = 0.632) and production efficiency (ρ = 0.775). Pareto analysis found three main factors causing production problems—raw material instability (30%), lack of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) (16.67%), and defective products (13.33%)—which contributed to 60% of total incidents. The results of this study provide a readiness profile and identify priority gaps in process management, emphasizing the importance of implementing operational standards to improve production efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Moh. Lukman Hakim, Moh. Yusuf Daud, Noor Djohar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Determinant Factors of Rice Paddy Land Conversion into Oil Palm Plantations and Strategies for Controlling It in Muara Padang Sub-District, Banyuasin Regency
Indonesia is an agrarian country where agricultural land plays an important role in ensuring food security. However, the increasing conversion of paddy fields into oil palm plantations has raised concerns regarding the long-term sustainability of rice production in major rice-producing regions. This study aims to analyze the process of paddy land conversion into oil palm plantations, identify the factors influencing farmers’ decisions, and formulate strategies to control land conversion in Muara Padang Sub-district, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The study employed a mixed-methods approach combining field surveys, structured interviews, binary logistic regression analysis, and SWOT analysis. A total of 92 farmers were selected as respondents using the Slovin formula with a 10% margin of error. The respondents were 46 rice farmers and 46 oil palm farmers, selected through quota sampling. The results indicate that land conversion occurs through several stages, including land evaluation, economic and social considerations, and land conversion implementation. Binary logistic regression analysis shows that farm income significantly influences farmers’ decisions to convert paddy fields into oil palm plantations (p = 0.025). The model demonstrates good fit based on the Hosmer–Lemeshow test (p = 0.764) and explains 91.9% of the variation in land conversion decisions (Nagelkerke R² = 0.919). The SWOT analysis places the land conversion control strategy in Quadrant I (Strength–Opportunity), indicating that internal strengths can be utilized to maximize existing opportunities. These findings suggest that improving rice farming productivity, strengthening farmer institutions, and providing economic incentives are essential to maintain sustainable paddy land and support national food self-sufficiency. This study contributes to the understanding of farmers’ land-use decisions and provides strategic policy recommendations for controlling agricultural land conversion in rice-producing regions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asep Subandi, Elisa Wildayana, Muhammad Yamin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Growth Response of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) Seedlings to the Application of Golden Apple Snail
One type of coffee plant widely cultivated in Indonesia is robusta coffee. During cultivation, nursery practices are crucial for improving coffee quality and productivity. To obtain good Robusta coffee seedlings, fertilization is essential. The recommended fertilizer is organic, which is more environmentally friendly. Fertilizing with fermented golden apple snail extract supports sustainable agriculture. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the concentration, frequency of treatment, and interaction on the growth of hybrid robusta coffee seedlings prolegitim (BP 42 x BP 358). The study was conducted in the field laboratory of Politeknik Negeri Jember for 5 months. This study used a non-factorial RBD with 7 treatments and 6 replications. K0 (Control-0% concentration); K1 (2.5% concentration + application every 4 weeks); K2 (5% concentration + application every 4 weeks); K3 (2.5% concentration + application every 2 weeks); K4 (7.5% concentration + application every 4 weeks); K5 (5% concentration + application every 2 weeks); K6 (7.5% concentration + application every 2 weeks). The observed variables include: Number of Leaves (pairs), Leaf Area Index, Stem Height, and Root Length. The experimental data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by the LSD test at the 5% significance level. The study found that the K2 treatment (5% concentration applied every 2 weeks) produced the optimal growth response, particularly in leaf area, seedling height, and root length.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sepdian Luri Asmono, Adrian Cahya Hutama, Devina Cinantya Anindita, Setyo Andi Nugroho, Rahmawati Rahmawati, Nisa Budi Arifiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Determinants of Smallholder Oil Palm Farmers’ Participation in the KBMJ Cooperative, Bosar Maligas
Indonesia is the world’s largest palm oil producer, where smallholder farmers play a strategic role in sustaining production and the global supply chain. The effectiveness of smallholder plantation management largely depends on the cooperative institutional performance, particularly in terms of the participation of cooperative members. This study aims to analyze the influence of service quality, motivation, and knowledge on cooperative members' participation in the Konsumen Bersatu Makmur Jaya Cooperative (KBMJ). The data were collected from 86 respondents selected through simple random sampling and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that service quality and knowledge have a positive and significant effect on cooperative members' participation, whereas motivation does not. These findings suggest that improving cooperative service performance and strengthening the knowledge of cooperative members regarding institutional benefits are more effective in enhancing their participation than relying solely on individual motivational factors.
Copyright (c) 2026 M Raihan Azhari, Dian Retno Intan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Growth And Yield of Aluminium Tolerant Maize Varieties With The Addition of Cow Manure
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a strategic food commodity that supports food security and the national economy. However, corn productivity on suboptimal land is often limited by low soil fertility due to acidity and aluminum (Al) toxicity. This study aimed to identify aluminum-tolerant corn varieties under AlCl₃ stress conditions and evaluate their growth and yield on suboptimal land with the addition of cow manure. The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage involved selecting aluminum-tolerant corn varieties using a nutrient culture with a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), involving six corn varieties and two AlCl₃ concentrations (0 ppm and 180 ppm). The results of the first stage indicated that the P32, Bisi 18, and Lamuru varieties were classified as aluminum-tolerant, while the Sukmaraga variety was classified as sensitive but described as adaptable to acidic soils. The second stage was a field trial using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four selected corn varieties and three doses of cow manure. The data obtained were tested for F at a significance level of 5% if the Fhit value > F table and continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that two corn varieties (P32 and Bisi 18) provided the best growth, and the results were seen from the length of the cob, the number of cobs, the weight of peeled cobs, and the potential yield per hectare.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yolanda Putri, Auzar Syarif, Nurwanita Ekasari Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Growth and Yield of Six Sugarcane Varieties (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a plant that can grow on uplands and lowlands. Domestic demand for sugar continuehus to increase in line with population growth and industrial development, but domestic sugar production has not been able to meet this demand. Efforts to increase sugarcane productivity and sugar production can be optimized through adaptive, high-yielding, superior sugarcane varieties. This study revealed morphological differences among six sugarcane varieties, namely PSJT 941, PS 865, PS 862, Bululawang, PA 028, and Kidang Kencana. The results of the study indicate significant morphological differences between varieties. PS 865 exhibits superior vegetative growth with the tallest plant height (224.33 cm) and stem diameter (39.33 mm), while PA 028 demonstrates highly stable characteristics with a coefficient of variation of 4.37%, indicating suitability across various environments. PS 862 and PSJT 941 exhibited longer roots and greater fresh weight, indicating adaptability to wetter conditions. Cluster analysis grouped the six varieties into two major clusters: Cluster 1 (Bululawang, Kidang Kencana, PSJT 941, PS 862) and Cluster 2 (PS 865, PA 032), showing differences in morphological structure.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wahono Satriyono, Adin Novitasari, Adi Setiawan, Mokhtar Effendi, David Frans Yusuf Sitindaon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Combination of Acclimatization Media for The Primary Hardening Phase of Musa paradisiaca L. var. Kepok Tanjung Plantlets
Acclimatization is the last and critical stage in the in vitro culture of Musa paradisiaca L. var. kepok tanjung. The primary hardening phase of acclimatization is carried out so that plantlets can adapt from heterotrophic conditions to autotrophic conditions. This study aims to optimize the acclimatization media for M. paradisiaca L. var. kepok tanjung plantlets, an important factor in the acclimatization process. A completely randomized design was applied in this study using 13 different combinations of soil, cocopeat, and charcoal husk media. The observation parameters included morphological parameters (height, number of leaves, leaf area, pseudo-stem diameter, and survival rate) and physiological parameters (wet weight, dry weight, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content index (CCI), which were analyzed using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis according to data assumptions. The results showed that all media combinations produced a 100% survival rate, with the best results shown by the cocopeat: charcoal husk (1:1) combination. This media combination provided the highest increase in height (1.05 ± 0.11 cm), pseudo-stem diameter (1.15 ± 0.12 mm), number of leaves (0.75 leaves), leaf area (121.06 ± 20 cm²), fresh weight (8.23 ± 2.99 g), dry weight (0.45 ± 0.16 g), CCI (23.2 ± 3.63), and the highest relative water content (98.47%). The combination of cocopeat and husk charcoal (1:1) was able to maintain moisture and provide good aeration for plantlet growth. Therefore, the combination of cocopeat and charcoal husk (1:1) is recommended as the most effective media for acclimatizing M. paradisiaca L. var. kepok tanjung plantlets in the primary hardening phase.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tanti Arianti, Rusdi Hasan, Tia Setiawati, Mohamad Nurzaman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Agribusiness Adaptation and Risk Management Strategy Based on Rice Prediction to Strengthen Sustainable Food Governance in Jemberaddy Prediction Interpretation for Food Governance Planning in Jember Regency
Food security is a strategic issue that has become a priority for sustainable development. Jember Regency, as one of the rice production centres in East Java, faces various challenges in realising sustainable food security. This research aims to explore and analyse adaptation strategies and risk management in paddy agribusiness by employing a paddy prediction interpretation approach as the basis for food governance planning. The research utilises a descriptive-exploratory qualitative approach with an interpretivist paradigm. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with various informants, including farmers, farmer group administrators, agribusiness practitioners, officials from the Department of Agriculture, agricultural extension workers, and academics. Secondary data were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Department of Agriculture of Jember Regency. Data analysis employed a thematic analysis approach following Miles and Huberman. The research findings indicate that Jember Regency maintains a consistent surplus in paddy production, averaging approximately 30,000 tonnes per annum. Paddy agribusiness actors face production risks, price risks, institutional risks, financial risks, and personal risks. The adaptation strategies implemented encompass technical, economic, social, and institutional strategies. The utilisation of paddy prediction interpretation in planning remains suboptimal, with an information access gap between policy and operational levels. This research recommends the development of an integrated food security information system, strengthening multi-stakeholder coordination, increasing investment in agricultural infrastructure, and developing social protection schemes to reinforce sustainable food security in Jember Regency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Husnul Hotima, Achadyah Prabawati, Rohim Rohim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Persistence of Seed Dormancy in Superior Rice Varieties across Different Storage Durations
Varietal differences in dormancy persistence often delay germination, complicating seed quality certification and distribution. This study analyzes the dormancy characteristics and physiological readiness of two superior rice varieties, Inpari 32 and Memberamo, across storage intervals of 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks post-harvest. The research employed a completely randomized design with eight treatment combinations and three replications. Core methods included standardized testing for germination rate, maximum growth potential, vigor index, and dormancy intensity, along with moisture content analysis. Quantitative results revealed a significant interaction between variety and storage duration: Inpari 32 dissipated dormancy faster, reaching an 88% germination rate by the third week, whereas Memberamo required five weeks to meet the national standard at 87%. Dormancy intensity significantly declined from 29.0% to 2.7% for Inpari 32 and from 66.0% to 8.0% for Memberamo over the five-week period. These findings indicate that Inpari 32 reaches optimal physiological maturity earlier than Memberamo, providing a critical basis for variety-specific storage management and quality testing schedules.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amri Farhan Sulaiman, Bejo Suroso, Insan Wijaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Analysis Of Factors Affecting Consumer Satisfaction and Loyalty Toward Bulog Rice In Mojokerto Regency
This study aims to analyze the influence of product quality, price, agent service, sales location, and brand image on consumer satisfaction and loyalty toward BULOG rice in Mojokerto. Using a quantitative approach with 100 respondents selected through purposive sampling, data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS. The results indicate that while product quality, agent service, and sales location significantly influence satisfaction, they function as "hygiene factors" with small effect sizes. A notable "price disconnect" was identified: affordability strongly drives satisfaction (p=0.007) but fails to significantly foster loyalty (p=0.265). Conversely, brand image does not influence satisfaction (p=0.845) but acts as a "security anchor" that directly sustains loyalty (p=0.014) through institutional trust. Predictive relevance was confirmed using the PLSpredict procedure, showing robust Q2 values of 0.497 for satisfaction and 0.620 for loyalty. These findings suggest that BULOG should pivot from general marketing to operational excellence, focusing on quality SOPs and standardized agent services to transform institutional credibility into lasting consumer commitment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andru Armana, Teguh Soedarto, Dita Atasa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Added Value Analysis and Development Strategy of Tobacco Stem Waste Treatment Into Briquettes (Case Study at Jember Tobacco Research Center)
Tobacco is one of the plantation commodities that has a strategic role in the national economy. Currently, tobacco stem waste is largely underutilized and inadequately managed at the farm level. Tobacco waste is processed into briquettes to achieve high economic value. Currently, tobacco briquettes are still rarely produced by the community; they are still produced by the Jember Tobacco Research Center. The objectives of this study are: (1) Analyzing the amount of added value produced in the processing of tobacco stem waste into briquettes at the Jember Tobacco Research Center. (2) Determine alternative strategies in the development of the briquette agro-industry at the Jember Tobacco Research Center. (3) Determine strategic priorities for the development of the briquette agro-industry at the Jember Tobacco Research Center. The data analysis methods used in this study are the Hayami method, SWOT analysis, and the AHP method. In this study, tools include questionnaires, laptops, cameras, and Microsoft Excel. Based on the Hayami value-added analysis, tobacco stem briquette processing yields an added-value ratio of 59%, indicating a high level of value addition. The results of the SWOT analysis indicate quadrant I, which means that the company is in a very favorable position. In addition to the AHP results, four alternative strategies were identified from the SWOT quadrant, each with four criteria equally connected to it. The results of the managerial implications obtained from the AHP method indicate that the priority of the resulting strategy is to collaborate with tobacco-based companies to ensure briquette products are ready for commercialization to the public, so they are widely known from farmers to entrepreneurs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Danu Indra Wardhana, Andika Putra Setiawan, Syahroni Riskiyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Rice Demand Dynamics in Manggarai Regency, Indonesia: A VECM Approach
Rice is recognized as the principal food commodity for the inhabitants of Manggarai, characterized by high per capita consumption and serving as the main source of energy. This research examined the patterns of rice consumption in Manggarai regency, employing a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and utilizing monthly data from 2020 to 2024. The data-gathering process involved coordination with the Department of Agriculture and Food Security, the Department of Trade and Industry, the Population and Civil Registration Office, and the Manggarai Regency Statistics Bureau. Stationary tests confirmed that the variables were integrated of order one, and Johansen cointegration analysis indicated several long-run equilibrium linkages among rice consumption, food prices, population, and ceremonial festivities. The research implies rice consumption is not significantly affected by short-run fluctuations in food prices, population, or cultural factors. Instead, adjustment occurs through the long-run equilibrium mechanism. In the long run, rice consumption is significantly influenced by rice prices, demographic changes, and ceremonial practices: rising rice prices reduce consumption, population growth increases demand, and cultural rituals suppress consumption. These outcomes emphasize the need for policies that stabilize food prices, promote dietary diversification, and integrate demographic and cultural considerations into regional food security strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ester Nurani Keraru, Ronaldus Don Piran, Maryance Vivi Murnia Bana, Alfosus Rodriques Elo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Determinants of Millennial Farmers’ Decisions in Hydroponic Melon Cultivation: Evidence from Sragen Regency
One of the fruits that is in demand by consumers with a fairly high economic value is melon. Melon plants are native to Africa that have many vitamins and minerals that are useful for body health. Millennial farmers have recently been involved in the hydroponic melon business because it has a high selling value. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the hydroponic cultivation decisions of millennial farmers. The study was conducted in several sub-districts in Sragen Regency, including Gemolong, Plupuh and Masaran. The sampling method was carried out using the Snowball sampling method. This study utilized various data analyzes used for SEM-PLS analysis. This study examined factors influencing farmers’ decisions to cultivate hydroponic melons, focusing on technical, economic, social, and cultural aspects. Respondents were mostly young men with limited experience but high learning potential. Production outcomes varied widely, reflecting diverse capacities. Validity and reliability tests confirmed robust measurement. Effect size and path analysis revealed that decisions were dominantly shaped by technical (f² = 0.819, negative effect) and economic (f² = 0.391, positive effect) factors, while social and cultural aspects were minor. The study highlights technology complexity and economic constraints as key barriers, suggesting training, accessible facilities, and market support as priority strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Agung Prasetyo, Agus Budiyono, Ria Agustina Wulandari, Diyan Aji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Price Stability and Productivity in West Java Potato Farming: Indofood Partnership vs. Traditional Sales
This study explores the comparative advantages of Indofood’s contract farming model over traditional potato marketing practices in West Java, Indonesia, focusing on price stability and sustainable production. West Java, the country’s leading potato-producing region, has recently faced declining yields and unstable prices that threaten farmer livelihoods. Indofood’s structured partnership addresses these issues by offering guaranteed pricing, input support, and continuous agronomic assistance. A mixed-methods approach was applied, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews and focus group discussions involving Indofood-affiliated and independent farmers in Garut and Pangalengan. The analysis considered production consistency, income security, crop quality, and farmer perceptions while accounting for external factors such as weather variability and market fluctuations. Findings reveal significant differences between partner and non-partner farmers. Partnership members reported higher yields, more secure prices, and greater income stability, supported by access to Atlantic seed potatoes, fertilizers, and training. These resources reduced pest damage, improved farm management, and minimized market risks. Focus group results showed high satisfaction and trust in Indofood’s contractual commitments, with many farmers benefiting from community development initiatives and eco-friendly practices. Nonetheless, some concerns remain regarding seed availability and buy-back scheduling. The study demonstrates that Indofood’s contract farming model strengthens farmer resilience, enhances productivity, and contributes to rural sustainability. By integrating fixed pricing with farmer capacity building and community support, the model offers a scalable template for agribusiness partnerships in emerging economies seeking to address similar agricultural challenges.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dery Ramdhan Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Response of Peking Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) to Dolomite and Granular Guano Application on Recovered Lowland Ultisol by Goat Manure
Shallots are essential for Indonesia's economy and food security. In West Sumatra, cultivating shallots in the highlands is more challenging than in the lowlands. Lowland areas have poor Ultisol soil, but its chemical properties can improve with cultivation. Using organic materials, such as goat manure and granular guano with dolomite, is one solution to this problem. Unfortunately, shallot farmers often apply excessive amounts of dolomite. The ideal dosage of guano and dolomite as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium sources must be determined for optimal shallot growth. Using goat manure may reduce the need for other inputs like dolomite. Guano and dolomite combination treatments have never been used on Peking shallot varieties grown on Ultisol soil. This study evaluated the growth and yield responses of Peking variety shallots to dolomite and guano applications on Ultisol soil improved with goat manure as a base fertilizer. The experimental design was two-factorial, completely randomized, with three replications. The first factor was the dolomite dose, with three levels: 0, 2, and 4 tons/ha. The second factor was the dose of granulated guano, with four levels: 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg/ha. All experimental units received goat manure-based fertilizer at a dose of 10 tons/ha. Data were analyzed with ANOVA at 5% confidence, then with Duncan's Multiple Range Test if the treatment had a significant effect. The results showed that applying dolomite and granulated guano did not significantly affect the growth parameters or yield of Peking variety shallots.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elara Resigia, Nilla Kristina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Analysis of The Supply Chain Performance of Sugar Palm Fruit in Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java
During Ramadan, demand for palm fruit (kolang kaling) increases by approximately 60%. However, fulfillment of this demand is constrained by the limited availability of palm trees, weak coordination among supply chain actors, and delivery delays. This study aims to describe the overall condition of the palm fruit supply chain and evaluate its performance. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing qualitative analysis through the Food Supply Chain Network (FSCN) framework to map the supply chain, and quantitative analysis using the SCOR model to assess performance. Sampling was conducted through purposive sampling, targeting farmers and processors with consistent production, complemented by snowball sampling to reach actors not easily identified through formal data. The findings indicate that the target market for palm fruit extends beyond local consumption to regional markets. The supply chain structure consists of interdependent collaboration among farmers, artisans, intermediaries, wholesalers, and retailers, and is characterized by three principal flows: product, information, and finance. Constraints are evident in the limited availability of technological and equipment resources. Business processes employ push and pull strategies, depending on demand fluctuations. Performance evaluation reveals weaknesses in several indicators, particularly order fulfillment, compliance with quality standards, asset management, and supply chain cost efficiency. These limitations highlight the urgency of establishing an association of palm fruit supply chain actors to strengthen communication and coordination, thereby supporting the development, sustainability, and competitiveness of palm fruit farming.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dwi Apriyani, Rizki Risanto Bahar, Nurul Risti Mutiarasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Sustainable Livelihood Strategies for Women Agripreneur Resilience In East Java
Women agripreneurs in East Java are critical in supporting household income and contributing to local economic development, especially in rural and vulnerable areas. However, they often face challenges, including limited resource access, fluctuating markets, and external shocks. This study aims to analyze the implementation of sustainable livelihood strategies to enhance the resilience of women agripreneurs and examine the mediating role of innovation capability in strengthening resilience amidst digital socio-economic challenges. Using the Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF), this research explores five key pentagonal assets: human, social, natural, physical, and economic capital. A quantitative method was applied through a survey of 70 women agripreneurs across several regions in East Java. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and VUCA to develop business resilience strategies. The results showed that all five capital assets significantly influence agripreneurial resilience, with social and economic capital playing the most dominant roles. This finding underscores the importance of integrated, asset-based strategies to strengthen women’s adaptive capacity and business sustainability. Meanwhile, Innovative capability does not mediate the sustainable livelihood and resilience strategy. Based on VUCA, the study recommends targeted policies and support programs that enhance women's access to resources, networks, and entrepreneurial skills to build more resilient and inclusive local economies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dwi Laila Maulida, Putri Nurmalita Sari, Akbar Hariputra, Annisa Vira Widayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Response of Local Garlic on Solid and Liquid Vermicompost and The Impact to Financial Yield
Converting solid Vermicompost into liquid form is an alternative for garlic cultivation in the Dibawah Lake Solok region, and the cost is cheaper. A preliminary study evaluated the impact of applying solid Vermicompost (0, 5, 10, and 15 t/ha) on garlic growth and yield. A subsequent study examined the effect of applying solid Vermicompost in liquid form using a chitosan solution and identified effective NPK fertilizer doses to optimize local garlic growth and yield. The experimental design was a randomized factorial with NPK doses of 0, 100, and 200 kg/ha and Vermicompost concentrations of 0, 30, 60, or 90 g/L chitosan solution. The preliminary study demonstrated that applying 10 to 15 tons per hectare of solid Vermicompost combined with 100 kilograms per hectare of NPK fertilizer significantly increased garlic yield compared to no solid Vermicompost application. A subsequent study found that varying NPK doses from 0 to 200 kilograms per hectare and Vermicompost from 0 to 90 grams produced similar effects on local garlic growth and yield. However, yields remained lower than those achieved with 15 tons per hectare of solid Vermicompost. In contrast, substituting solid with liquid Vermicompost at all tested concentrations resulted in higher profitability than the 15 tons per hectare solid Vermicompost treatment, particularly for 100 NPK and 60 grams of Vermicompost in chitosan solution. That treatment was more cost-effective for farmers because it increased income by 63% and was more environmentally friendly than the solid form application in the Dibawah Lake Solok region.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nilla Kristina, Elvina Firmawini, Elara Resigia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Characteristics and Managerial Capacity of Rice Farmers Impacting Family Welfare in Tangerang Banten District
The endeavor to enhance rice productivity in Tangerang district, nestled within the confines of Banten Province, has unfortunately not been paralleled by a corresponding improvement in the well-being of its agricultural community. Subjectively, prosperity is often perceived through the lens of familial harmony, while on an objective scale, it is defined by the fulfillment of fundamental human needs. This study sets out to meticulously examine the correlation between the characteristics of farmers and their managerial competencies on the welfare levels of farming households engaged in the cultivation of lowland rice. Specifically, the investigation is concentrated within the Sukamulya District, Tangerang Regency, Banten Province. The methodology embraced in this study is predominantly explanatory-descriptive, drawing insights from an amalgamation of primary and secondary data sources. The focal points of analysis encompass a triad of variables: farmer characteristics, managerial capacity, and farmer welfare. Leveraging Inferential Statistics, with a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analytical framework, the research delves into the intricate interplay between these variables. The empirical findings unearth a direct correlation between farmer characteristics and their managerial prowess. Furthermore, it underscores the consequential impact of farmer characteristics, channeled through managerial capacity, on the overall welfare of farmers. The augmentation of household welfare within farming communities predominantly hinges upon the adept management of resources, proficient business acumen, strategic planning capabilities, organizational adeptness, and adaptive resilience demonstrated by farmers and their managerial capacities.
Copyright (c) 2024 Khaerul Saleh, Aris Suprio Wibowo, Sulaeni Sulaeni, Ahmad Bukhari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Interest of the Young Generation in Coffee Shop Entrepreneurship in Bukit District, Bener Meriah Regency, Aceh
The Bukit District in the Bener Meriah Regency of Aceh Province presents a promising landscape for coffee shop entrepreneurship, given its strategic location and substantial foot traffic. This study delves into the inclination towards entrepreneurship among the youth in Bukit District and explores the factors that shape this inclination. Conducted from March 6 to May 18, 2023, the research employed a blend of observations, interviews, and questionnaires to gather data, with SPSS 24 for Windows utilized for analysis. Findings reveal a remarkable 77.33% interest level among the younger generation towards coffee shop entrepreneurship in Bukit District. This interest is primarily driven by factors such as education, income, experience, capital, family environment, and community dynamics. Noteworthy influences include income, capital availability, and the community environment, which significantly impact the inclination towards entrepreneurship. Conversely, education level, prior experience, and family environment exhibited no significant effect on this inclination. The results underscore the importance of economic factors such as income and access to capital, alongside social and environmental contexts, in shaping entrepreneurial aspirations among the youth in Bukit District. Understanding these dynamics can inform policies and initiatives aimed at fostering entrepreneurship in the region. This study contributes valuable insights for stakeholders interested in promoting economic development and harnessing the entrepreneurial potential of coffee shop ventures in Bukit District and similar settings.
Copyright (c) 2024 Aisar Novita, Iman Arman, Yuda Pranata https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Enhancing Hydroponic Farming with IoT: Empowering Innovative and Speculative Young Farmers
The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology into hydroponic farming systems presents a transformative opportunity to modernize agriculture and attract the younger generation to the sector. This study explores the effectiveness of IoT applications in hydroponic cultivation to foster a new wave of tech-savvy, innovative young farmers. Hydroponics, a soil-less farming method that utilizes nutrient-rich water, offers various advantages such as efficient water use, controlled environments, and suitability for limited land spaces. When combined with IoT—through the use of sensors, automation, and real-time monitoring—hydroponic systems become more efficient, sustainable, and appealing to youth interested in modern agriculture. The research outlines the types of hydroponic systems and their integration with IoT, highlights the benefits and challenges of such implementation, and emphasizes the pivotal role of government in supporting young farmers through education, infrastructure, financing, and policy. Key challenges identified include high initial costs, limited internet infrastructure, and lack of technological literacy among farmers. Despite these barriers, the adoption of IoT has the potential to increase productivity, reduce manual labor, and elevate the status of farming as a profitable and high-tech career path for young people. The study concludes that a strong collaboration between government, educational institutions, and the private sector is crucial to empower the next generation of innovative farmers and ensure the sustainability of the agricultural sector.
Factors that Influence the Growth of the Indonesian Economy
Economic growth can be assessed in Gross Domestic Product, because it shows the production capacity, income and expenditure of the country. In accordance with the dynamics of population growth in the modern world with economic and social developments which are also followed by an increase in people's consumption patterns. This increases the productivity of consumer goods which will increase tax revenues. The problems that occur are 1) Is there a significant influence simultaneously and partially between population growth, the amount of public consumption and tax revenues by the state on Indonesia's economic growth? 2) How is the intervening relationship between population growth, the amount of public consumption and tax revenues by the state on Indonesia's economic growth. Research with quantitative methods using Linear Regression analysis and Path Analysis will analyze secondary data from 1991-2023 produced by Bank Indonesia and the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency. The results of the study are: 1) Population growth, consumption and tax revenues have a significant simultaneous effect on the Indonesian economy. 2) Consumption and tax revenues have a significant partial effect on the Indonesian economy. 3) Population growth and consumption have a significant partial effect on tax revenues. 4) Population growth has a significant partial effect on consumption. 5) Population growth is related to the Indonesian economy with consumption intervening. 6) Population growth is related to the Indonesian economy with tax revenue intervening. 7) Consumption is related to the Indonesian economy with tax revenue intervening
Optimizing Slaughterhouse Waste as Liquid Organic Fertilizer: An Organic Solution to Enhance Cayenne Pepper Production
Cattle rumen waste from slaughterhouses holds economic, social, and ecological value when processed into liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). The application of this LOF has the potential to improve soil fertility, thereby enhancing plant growth and productivity. A collaborative study between the Agrotechnology Study Program of Universitas Kadiri and the Slaughterhouse Technical Unit (UPTD RPH) of Kediri City was conducted to evaluate the effect of LOF derived from cattle rumen waste on the growth and yield of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). The research was carried out from October 2022 to January 2023 in the greenhouse of the Geophysics Station (BMKG) located in Sawahan Village, Sawahan Subdistrict, Nganjuk Regency. The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor: LOF dosage, consisting of six treatment levels: D0 (control), D1 (100 ml/plant), D2 (200 ml/plant), D3 (300 ml/plant), D4 (400 ml/plant), and D5 (500 ml/plant) with four replications. Each experimental unit comprised two plants. Observed parameters included plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of branches, and fruit number and weight. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a 5% significance level. The results indicated that the 500 ml/plant dosage had a highly significant effect on plant height and stem diameter, and a significant effect on the number of branches, but no effect on leaf number. Notably, increasing LOF dosage significantly improved fruit number and weight by 27% at 90 days after transplanting (DAT).
Optimizing Seedling Media for Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) Cultivation
This study evaluates the growth performance and cost-effectiveness of six different seedling media for tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) cultivation: sand (M1), rice husk charcoal (M2), clay (M3), organic fertilizer (M4), clay-organic fertilizer (M5), and sand-organic fertilizer (M6). The experiment assessed plant height, number of leaves, and number of branches from 7 to 35 days after sowing (DAS). Results showed that media containing organic fertilizer (M4, M5, M6) significantly enhanced all growth parameters compared to non-organic treatments. Among these, M5 (clay-organic fertilizer) achieved the highest values for plant height (34.9 cm), number of leaves (15.5), and number of branches (5.5) at 35 DAS, indicating superior performance. However, cost analysis revealed that M5 also incurred the highest production cost. In contrast, M6 (sand-organic fertilizer) offered a more cost-effective option by providing strong growth performance at a lower cost. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating organic fertilizers into seedling media to improve early growth stages of tomato plants. The use of organic blends, particularly M6, presents a practical and sustainable solution for smallholder farmers aiming to maximize seedling vigor without incurring high input costs, ultimately supporting more efficient and eco-friendly agricultural practices.
Mapping Agricultural Research on Peatlands: A Bibliometric Analysis of Trends and Gaps (2004–2024)
Peatlands in Indonesia play a crucial role in global carbon storage and agricultural productivity. However, their use for agriculture has raised environmental concerns, particularly regarding land degradation, carbon emissions, and fire risks. This study employs a bibliometric approach using Publish or Perish (PoP) and VOSviewer to analyze research trends, dominant topics, and gaps in Indonesian peatland agriculture from 2004 to 2024. Three thousand nine hundred fifty (3,950) publications from Google Scholar were examined to identify thematic clusters and shifts in research focus. The results indicate a significant increase in research on peatland agriculture over the past two decades, with a primary focus on land management, environmental impact, and agricultural commodity adaptation. Oil palm remains the dominant research topic, while studies on alternative crops, horticulture, and sustainable peatland management strategies remain underexplored. Although fire mitigation has gained attention, long-term sustainability approaches and policy-driven land management strategies require further investigation. This study underscores the need for a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach to ensure sustainable peatland agriculture. Future research should prioritize the diversification of peat-adaptive crops, precision agriculture technologies, and ecosystem-based restoration methods. Additionally, policymakers must integrate research findings into comprehensive land-use planning to balance agricultural productivity with environmental conservation. Strengthening regulations, incentivizing sustainable practices, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration will be essential for addressing the challenges of peatland agriculture and ensuring its long-term viability.
Horticultural Supply Chain Models: Strategies, Challenges, and Marketing Approaches.
Indonesia's horticulture sector has undergone rapid expansion, driven by rising demand from both domestic and international markets. However, small-scale farmers continue to struggle with limited market access, price volatility, and high production costs, affecting their profitability and long-term sustainability. This study conducted a comprehensive literature review of 135 scientific articles to analyze three dominant supply chain models: direct marketing, contract farming, and cooperatives. Direct marketing allows farmers to secure higher prices by bypassing intermediaries but poses challenges in terms of operational scale, financial resources, and market access. Contract farming provides stability through guaranteed pricing, input support, and technical assistance, though profit distribution often favors contracting firms. Meanwhile, cooperatives offer better market access and collective bargaining power but require strong organizational structures to function effectively. The findings emphasize the importance of policies that support farmer education, improve market infrastructure, and encourage fair contractual agreements. Additionally, agribusiness stakeholders must invest in supply chain innovations and risk mitigation strategies to enhance efficiency and transparency. Strengthening these aspects is crucial for fostering a more resilient and sustainable horticultural sector in Indonesia
Multidimensional Poverty Among Rice Farming Workers’ Households in Bengkulu City
Poverty among rice farming workers is a multidimensional issue that extends beyond income levels, encompassing education, health, and living standards. Traditional poverty assessments based solely on income fail to capture these broader deprivations. To provide a more comprehensive analysis, this study employs the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), which considers multiple well-being indicators. The study aims to analyze the multidimensional poverty status of rice farming worker households in Bengkulu City and identify the key factors influencing their poverty status. A sample of 100 rice farming workers was selected using the Mo formula to ensure representativeness. The findings reveal that 19% of rice farming worker households fall within the multidimensional poverty category, while 81% are non-poor. Among the examined factors, work experience significantly influences poverty levels, with more excellent experience contributing to a lower likelihood of poverty. The use of MPI provides a more holistic understanding of poverty, highlighting the need for policies that address not only income disparities but also access to education, healthcare, and improved living conditions. Enhancing skill development and creating stable employment opportunities are crucial for alleviating multidimensional poverty among rice farming workers in Bengkulu City.
Factors Influencing Farmer’s Decisions to Switch Apple to Orange Farming in Bulukerto Village, Bumiaji Sub-district, Batu City
The agricultural sector is a strategic sector and has an important role in national economic development and community survival. Each region certainly has different natural resource potential. Batu City is one of the apple-producing areas in East Java Province. Over time, there was a decline in apple productivity, which caused farmers to decide to transfer the commodity. This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of switching farms, identify influencing factors, and analyze the effect of commodity transfer on farmers' income. The determination of the location of the study was carried out by simple random sampling. The sampling method used the Slovin formula, and the sample used in this study was 60 farmers. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between one or more independent variables with categorical dependent variables, and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test is a method of non-parametric statistic that aims to determine whether or not there is a difference between 2 pairs of data on an ordinal or interval scale. The results showed that the impetus that made farmers switch commodities to oranges were: (1) climate, changes in market prices, changes in consumer tastes, decreased crop yields, decreased apple quality, pests and diseases of apple plants. (2) Factors that directly influence farmers' decision-making in transferring commodities are age, education, number of family dependents, farming experience, citrus farm income, and care/maintenance. (3) There is a significant difference between the income of farmers who farm apples and farmers who farm oranges. The average income of apple farmers is IDR 13,158,332/Year, while orange farmers have an average income of IDR 14,703,333/Year.