Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) Terhadap Berbagai Dosis Pupuk NPK dan Jarak Tanam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30737/jintan.v6i1.7262Keywords:
Growth, NPK fertilizer, Planting spacing, Shallot, YieldAbstract
Shallot is a key horticultural commodity in Indonesia, with productivity largely determined by cultivation practices, especially fertilization and planting spacing. This study evaluated the effects of different NPK fertilizer rates and planting spacings on shallot growth and yield. The experiment was carried out from April to June 2024 on alluvial paddy-field soil in Mlorah Village, Rejoso District, Nganjuk Regency, using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors.The first factor was NPK fertilizer rate: 120 (M1), 180 (M2), and 200 (M3) g/m². The second factor was planting spacing: 15×15 cm (J1), 15×20 cm (J2), and 15×25 cm (J3). The two experimental factors generated nine treatment combinations with three replications, resulting in 27 experimental units. The measured variables included plant height, leaf number, tiller number, fresh and dry biomass weight, and consumable bulb weight. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 5% significance level, and when significant differences were observed, the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at 5% was applied. The results indicated a significant interaction between NPK fertilizer rate and planting spacing on leaf number at 15 days after planting (DAP), with the combination of 200 g/m² NPK and 15 × 25 cm spacing producing the highest leaf count (3.60 leaves). However, no significant interaction was observed for plant height or leaf number at 25 and 35 DAP. The NPK rate of 200 g/ m² independently produced the greatest plant height at 15 DAP (17.58 cm).
Bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) merupakan komoditas hortikultura penting di Indonesia, dengan produktivitas yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh penerapan teknik budidaya, khususnya pemupukan dan pengaturan jarak tanam. Pengaruh variasi dosis pupuk NPK dan pengaturan jarak tanam terhadap pertumbuhan serta produksi bawang merah menjadi fokus utama dalam penelitian ini. Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan Bulan April hingga Juni 2024 di persawahan Desa Mlorah, Kecamatan Rejoso, Kabupaten Nganjuk dengan jenis tanah Aluvial. Percobaan disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dua faktor. Faktor pertama berupa dosis pupuk NPK dengan tiga taraf, yaitu 120 g/m² (M1), 180 g/m² (M2), dan 200 g/m² (M3). Faktor kedua adalah jarak tanam yang terdiri atas 15 × 15 cm (J1), 15 × 20 cm (J2), dan 15 × 25 cm (J3). Kombinasi kedua faktor menghasilkan sembilan perlakuan yang diulang tiga kali, sehingga diperoleh 27 unit percobaan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, berat brangkasan basah dan kering, serta bobot umbi konsumsi. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) pada taraf 5%, dan apabila menunjukkan pengaruh nyata, dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf yang sama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat interaksi yang signifikan antara dosis NPK dan jarak tanam terhadap jumlah daun pada 15 HST, kombinasi perlakuan 200 gram/m2 dengan jarak tanam 15 x 25 cm menghasilkan jumlah daun tertinggi sebesar 3,60 daun. Sedangkan pada parameter tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun pada 25 dan 35 HST kombinasi perlakuan tidak terdapat interaksi yang nyata. Dosis NPK 200 gram/m2 secara mandiri meningkatkan tinggi tanaman tertinggi pada umur pengamatan 15 HST sebesar 17,58 cm.
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