Parametric Study of Large Settlement Due to Prefabricated Vertical Drain with Surcharge Preloading
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30737/ukarst.v6i2.3603Keywords:
Back Calculation, Consolidation Settlement, Preconsolidation, PVD, Surcharge Preloading.Abstract
Prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) combined with preloading is one way to deal with soft soil conditions. The predicted settlement becomes the first information in designing the surcharge, PVD configuration and depth, and the time required to complete the consolidation. Prediction of consolidation settlement that using one-dimensional theory considerably underestimated the field settlement along the construction of the surcharge placement stage. This paper intends to evaluate the completed PVD preloading construction project. Inclinometer monitoring data was evaluated to confirm whether the consolidation existed on preferred clay layers. The parametric study evaluated the root cause of the gap between prediction settlement and monitoring data. The root cause analysis continued with a parametric analysis using back calculations. The back analysis involved various Cc, Cs, and pc' that play a significant role in soil settlement. The results show that the conservative value of those parameters simulated separately could not raise the ultimate settlement into inner upper and lower bond results. However, combining those would lead to more accurate predictions that agree with the ultimate settlement. This parametric analysis result also confirms that overconfidence in picking soil parameters could lead to underestimating field settlement. Furthermore, selecting conservative parameters in consolidation settlement should avoid a big gap between prediction and field ones and put construction safe. It was decisive work to be done for further anticipation during and post-construction.References
R. D. Holtz, “Sand and PV Drains-Historical Developments, Some Early Research, and Case Histories,†Geo COngress 2019, 2019.
S. Hansbo, “Consolidation Of Clay, With Special Reference To Influence Of Vertical Sand Drains,†1961.
S. Hansbo, “Consolidation by band-shaped prefabricated drainsâ€,†Ground Engineering, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 16–27, 1979.
S. Hansbo, “Consolidation of Fine-Grained Soils by Prefabricated Drains,†in 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, pp. 677–682, 1980.
S. Hansbo, “Practical aspects of vertical drain design,†Geotechnique, pp. 1749–1762, 1997.
S. Hansbo, “Aspects of Vertical Drain Design: Darcian or non-Darcian Law,†Geotechnicque, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 983–992, 1997.
M. N. Islam, C. T. Gnanendran, S. T. Sivakumar, and M. R. Karim, “Long-term performance of preloaded road embankment,†Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (Paris), pp.1291–1294, 2013.
C. C. Girsang, P. P. Rahardjo, and A. Lim, “Investigation of Pile Behavior Toward Abutment Construction using PLAXIS 3D: Case Study on Lembak Bridge,†U Karst, vol. 5, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.30737/ukarst.v5i1.1012.
P. v. Long, L. v. Nguyen, and A. S. Balasubramaniam, “Performance and Analyses of Thick Soft Clay Deposit Improved by PVD with Surcharge Preloading and Vacuum Consolidation-A Case Study at CMIT,†Proceding of 19th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference & 2nd AGSSEA Conference (19SEAGC & 2AGSSEA) Kuala Lumpur , pp. 1–10, 2016.
N. Quang Duy and G. H. Pham, “Ground Improvement of Mekong Delta Soft Clay by Preloading with PVD and Vacuum at A Site in Southern Vietnam,†Proceeding of The 2012 World Congress on Advances in Civil, Environmental, and Materials Research (ACEM’ 12) Seoul, Korea, pp. 2821–2840, 2012.
A. Arulrajah, M. W. Bo, J. Chu, and H. Nikraz, “Application of Prefabricated Vertical Drains to the Changi Land Reclamation Project, Singapore,†in Geosynthetics in Civil and Environmental Engineering, Proceedings of the 4th Asian Regional Conference on Geosynthetics, pp. 651–655, 2008, doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-69313-0_120.
A. Arulrajah, M. W. Bo, H. Nikraz, A. ; Arulrajah, M. W. ; Bo, and C. Study, “Case Study of the Changi East Land Reclamation Project, Singapore Singapore,†Geotechnical Engineering, no. 2, pp. 1–12. 2008.
M. W. Bo, A. Arulrajah, S. Horpibulsuk, and M. Leong, “Quality management of prefabricated vertical drain materials in mega land reclamation projects: A case study,†Soils and Foundations, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 895–905, Aug. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.sandf.2015.06.019.
A. v Choa, M. W. Bo, and J. Chu, “Soil improvement works for Changi East Reclamation Project,†Ground Improvement, vol. 4, pp. 141–153, 2001.
K. Terzaghi, Theoretical Soil Mechanics, vol. 1. John Wiley & Sons, 1943.
T. W. Lambe, “Predictions in soil engineering,†Géotechnique, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 149–202, 1973.
B. P. Nguyen, D. H. Yun, and Y. T. Kim, “An equivalent plane strain model of PVD-improved soft deposit,†Comput Geotech, vol. 103, pp. 32–42, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2018.07.004.
J. Cha, N. Miura, S. Sakajo, and D. Bergadoo, “Behavior of PVD improved ground under embankment loading,†Soils and Foundations, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 49–61, 1995.
G. B. Ye, Y. Xu, and Z. Zhang, “Performance Evaluation of PVD-Reinforced Soft Soil with Surcharge and Vacuum Preloading,†International Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 421–433, Apr. 2018, doi: 10.1007/s40999-016-0142-y.
J. C. Chai, J. S. L. Shen, M. D. Liu, and D. J. Yuan, “Predicting the performance of embankments on PVD-improved subsoils,†Comput Geotech, vol. 93, pp. 222–231, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2017.05.018.
K. F. Chan, B. M. Poon, and D. Perera, “Prediction of embankment performance using numerical analyses – Practitioner’s approach,†Comput Geotech, vol. 93, pp. 163–177, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2017.07.012.
A. Asaoka, “Observational Procedure of Settlement Prediction,†Soils and Foundations, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 87–101, 1978.
N. Carrillol, “Simple Two and Three Dimensional Case in the Theory of Consolidation of Soils,†Journal of Mathematics and Physics, vol. 21, pp. 1–5, 1942.
Wardoyo et al., Atlas Soft Soil Distribution Map in Indonesia. Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesia, 2019.
J. Han, Principles and practices of ground improvement, 1st ed. John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
B. M. Das, Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, 7th ed. Cengage Learning, 2010.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
(1) The copyright of published articles will be transferred to the journal as the publisher of the manuscript. Therefore, the author needs to confirm that the copyright has been managed by the publisher with the Publication Right Form which must be attached when submitting the article.
(2) Publisher of U Karst is Kadiri University.
(3) The copyright follows Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY SA): This license allows to Share copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, Adapt remix, transform, and build upon the material, for any purpose, even commercially.