Dampak Kebijakan Tarif Impor Terhadap Ekonomi Kedelai Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30737/agrinika.v5i1.1552Keywords:
import tariff, national policy, soybeansAbstract
Soybean is the main crop of the palawija system which is commonly applied in Indonesia. In the national economic system, soybean is a commodity owning strategic values due to its ability to supply nutrients needed by the community and a source of income for farmers. Demand for soybean is likely to continue to increase in line with population growth, increase in per capita income, increase in public awareness of nutritional adequacy, and the development of livestock preparation and silage industries. Given the high trend of soybean demand in the future, efforts to increase domestic soybean production are becoming increasingly important. Meanwhile in the future, the policy to protect domestic soybean farmers will be limited due to the demands of free trade. Considering that soybean is consumed in the form of processed food, the increasing demand for soybeans in the future indicates that there will be more opportunities for the development of home industries to produce this food. The need for soybeans as raw material for agro-industry cannot currently be met by domestic soybean production, both in terms of quality and quantity. This causes the need for imported soybeans to be even greater. Domestic soybean production, both in quality and quantity, seems to be unable to meet the soybean needed for industrial raw materials, thus causing a higher tendency for imported soybean demand. Therefore, import tariff policies in the face of world trade liberalization must be regulated in such a way by taking into account the interests of producers, consumers, and the government. This policy is still needed in realizing the independence of export quality soybeans.
Â
Kedelai adalah tanaman utama Sistem Palawija yang umum diterapkan di Indonesia. Dalam sistem perekonomian nasional, kedelai menjadi komoditas yang memiliki nilai strategis karena memiliki kemampuan untuk memasok hara yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat dan merupakan sumber pendapatan bagi petani. Permintaan kedelai akan terus meningkat seiring dengan adanya peningkatan jumlah penduduk, pertambahan pendapatan perkapita tiap penduduk, meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat akan gizi yang cukup, serta berkembangnya industri persiapan dan silase ternak. Melihat masih tingginya trend permintaan kedelai di masa datang, upaya peningkatan produksi kedelai di dalam negeri menjadi semakin penting. Sementara itu di masa depan kebijaksanaan untuk melindungi petani kedelai di dalam negeri semakin terbatas peluangnya karena tuntutan perdagangan bebas. Mengingat sebagaian besar kedelai dikonsumsi dalam bentuk bahan pangan olahan, meningkatnya permintaan kedelai di masa depan menunjukkan semakin terbukanya peluang pengembangan industri rumah tangga untuk memproduksi bahan pangan tersebut. Kebutuhan akan kedelai sebagai bahan baku agroindustri saat ini tidak dapat dipenuhi oleh produksi kedelai dalam negeri baik dari segi kualitas maupun kuantitas. Hal ini menyebabkan kebutuhan akan kedelai impor akan semakin besar. Kedelai yang dibutuhkan untuk bahan baku industri tampaknya tidak dapat dipenuhi oleh produksi kedelai dalam negeri, baik kualitas maupun kuantitasnya, sehingga menyebabkan kecenderungan permintaan kedelai impor semakin tinggi. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan tarif impor dalam menghadapi liberalisasi perdagangan dunia harus diatur sedemikian rupa dengan memperhatikan kepentingan produsen, konsumen, dan pemerintah. Kebijakan ini tetap diperlukan dalam mewujudkan kemandirian kedelai kualitas ekspor.
References
Aimon, H., Adry, M. R., & Azhar, Z. (2017). The Equilibrium Analysis of Consumption and Imports of Soybean In Indonesia. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 36, 105- 114.
Arnawa, I. K., Tamba, I. M., & Anindita, R. (2010). The Impact of Market Power on Soybean Price in Indonesia. Asia Pasific Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Food and Energy (APJSAFE), 3(1), 1- 6.
Azizah, M. A., Syafrial, & Suhartini. (2015). Analysis Import Policy of Soybean on Economics Performance Of Indonesians Soybean. Habitat , XXVI(1), 47- 56.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2018). Inflasi dan Indeks Harga Konsumen. BPS.
Fitrianto, Z. F., Hanani, N., & Syafrial. (2014). Dampak Kebijakan Perkedelaian Terhadap Kinerja Ekonomi Kedelai di Indonesia. Habitat, 25(2), 105-114.
Handayani, D., Bantacut , T., Munandar, J. M., & Budijanto, S. (n.d.). Simulasi Kebijakan Daya Saing Kedelai Lokal pada Pasar Domestik. Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian, 19(1), 7-15.
Kata, A., Osmet, & Analia, D. (2020). Analisis Daya Saing Komoditas Kedelai Pada Lahan Kering Di Kabupaten Tebo. Jurnal Agri Sains, 4(01), 48-59.
Koutsoyiannis, A. (1985). Modern microeconomics. London: London: MacMillan Pub.
Lubis, A. D. (2012). Volatility of Volume Imports of Major Food Commodities In Indonesia. Economic Journal of Emerging Market, 4(2), 127-142.
M., E. (2015). Ekonometrika Dasar. Jakarta: Mitra Wacana Media.
Malik, A., & Nainggolan , S. (2020). Factors Affecting the Import of Soybean In Indonesia. Jurnal Prespektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah, 8(5), 523-530. http://doi:10.22437/ppd.v8i5.11015
Ningrum , I. H., Irianto, H., & Riptanti, E. W. (2018). Analysis of Soybean Production and Import Trends and its Import Factors in Indonesia. Earth and Environmental Science. 142, pp. 1-8. IOP Publishing. http://doi:10.1088/1755- 1315/142/1/012059
Nurhiasati, E., Rifai, M., Asnah, & Wahyunindyawati. (2010). Dampak Pemberlakuan Tarif Impor Terhadap Kinerja Ekonomi Komoditas Kedelai dan Distribusi Kesejahteraan di Indonesia. Buana Sains, 10(1), 47-55.
Perdana, R. P., Koestiono, D., & Syafrial. (2013). Dampak Kebijakan Ekonomi Kedelai Terhadap Kinerja Perkedelaian Indonesia. Habitat, XXIV(2), 120- 132.
Pindyck, R. a. (1991). Econometric Models and Econometric Forecasts. New York: Mac GrawHill.
Sinta, I., Hasnah, & Yuzaria, D. (2017). The Effect of Import Tariff Policy on Indonesian Soybean Concumption and Productions. International Journal of Agricultural Science, 1(2), 26-33.
Sukmaya, S. G., Rahmina, D., & Saptana, S. (2016). Analisis Daya Saing dan Dampak Kebijakan Pemerintah terhadap Komoditas Kedelai VS Pengusahaan Kedelai di Kabupaten Lamongan, Jawa Timur. Forum Agribisnis, 6(1), 21-52. https://doi.org/10.29244/fagb. 6.1.21-52
Taheripour, F., & Tyner, W. E. (2018). Impact of Possible Chinese 25% Tariff on U.S. Soybeans and Other Agricultural Commodities. Choices, 33(2), 1-7.
Tarigan, N. A., Sofyan, & Rahmaddiansyah. (2020). Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Daya Saing Kedelai Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian, 5(2), 130- 142.
Winardi, W. (2013). Dampak Kenaikan Harga Kedelai Dunia dan Penghapusan Tarif Impor Kedelai Terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat. Jurnal BPPK, 6(1), 15-28
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Permitted third-party reuse is defined by the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). This permission allows users to copy and distribute the Article, provided this is not done for commercial purposes and further does not permit distribution of the Article if it is changed or edited in any way, and provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, and that the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.