KERAGAAN TATANIAGA BUNCIS (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) DI KAWASAN SENTRA PRODUKSI BUNCIS KECAMATAN PONCOKUSUMO KABUPATEN MALANG JAWA TMUR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30737/agrinika.v6i2.2157Keywords:
Beans, Economic efficiency, Farmer’s share, Technical efficiency indexAbstract
Poncokusumo District is the bean producing center in Malang Regency. The research conducted in the area was aimed to determine the marketing channel and institutional functions of the bean trading system in the conventional market, supermarket, and export market. Other research objectives are to examine the difference in the efficiency level of the bean trading system between the conventional market, supermarket, and export market and determine the factors influencing the level of profit of the bean trading actors in the conventional market, supermarkets, and export markets. The research employed survey method, which the sample of farmers was taken using simple random sampling. The sample size of conventional market, supermarkets, and export markets, subsequently as many as 30, 15, and 5 people. The approaching method was the snowball sampling technique. The data collected were analyzed including the analysis of trading margin, farmer's share, mark up, technical efficiency index and economic efficiency index. The result showed that the largest farmer's share in conventional market channels was 57.18%; while the conventional market channel was more efficient than other channels with a technical efficiency index of 3.87 and an economic efficiency index of 1.83. Factors affecting the level of profit of traders in conventional market channels were sales volume, selling price and working capital; while in the supermarket channel were the selling price and working capital.
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Kecamatan Poncokusumo merupakan salah satu kecamatan di Kabupaten Malang yang merupakan kawasan sentra produksi buncis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) Pola saluran dan fungsi kelembagaan tataniaga buncis pada pasar konvensional, pasar swalayan dan pasar ekspor, (2) Perbedaan tingkat efisiensi tataniaga buncis antara pasar konvensional, pasar swalayan dan pasar ekspor dan (3) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat keuntungan para pelaku tataniaga buncis pada pasar konvensional, pasar swalayan dan pasar ekspor. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey pada sentra produksi buncis di Kecamatan Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang Jawa Timur. Sampel petani diambil dengan menggunakan simple random sampling dan didapatkan ukuran sampel petani pasar konvensional sebanyak 30 orang, pasar swalayan 15 orang dan pasar ekspor 5 orang. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan teknik snowball sampling dalam menentukan sampel pelaku tataniaga. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis meliputi analisis marjin tataniaga, farmer’s share, mark up, indeks efisiensi teknis dan indeks efisiensi ekonomis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa farmer’s share paling besar pada saluran pasar konvensional yaitu sebesar 57,18%; Saluran pasar konvensional lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan saluran lainnya dengan indeks efisiensi teknis sebesar 3,87 dan indeks efisiensi ekonomis sebesar 1,83. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat keuntungan pelaku tataniaga pada saluran pasar konvensional adalah volume penjualan, harga jual dan modal kerja; sedangkan pada saluran pasar swalayan adalah harga jual dan modal kerja.
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