The Yield of Red Podded Yardlong Bean Genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L.) under Shading

Latifah Zulfaa; Syaiful Anwar; Florentina Kusmiyati; Fajrin Pramana Putra

doi:10.30737/agrinika.v8i2.5980

Authors

Latifah Zulfaa Universitas Diponegoro
Syaiful Anwar Universitas Diponegoro
Florentina Kusmiyati Universitas Diponegoro
Fajrin Pramana Putra Universitas Diponegoro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6778-0775

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30737/agrinika.v8i2.5980

Keywords:

Agroforestry, Shading, Yardlong bean

Abstract

Yardlong bean is a plant with high nutritional value, but it is not considered a main crop. Land extensification with agroforestry is needed to overcome land limitations and maximize yardlong bean production. The research aims to produce yardlong bean varieties that adapt to shading conditions in agroforestry systems. The research was conducted from October 2023 to February 2024. The research design used a Split Plot based on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The main plot was shading with two levels, no shading (N0), and 50% paranet shading (N1). The subplots were parental FG genotypes of the F8 generation, namely FS 7-1-8, FS 10-1-8, FS 10-3-8, FS 14-2-8, and FS 8-2-8. Observation parameters included the time of 50% flowering, fresh harvest age, leaf stomata count, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content, number of fresh pods per plant, fresh pod weight per plant, and productivity. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 5% significance level and Tukey’s HSD test at 5%. The results showed that the genotype factor significantly affected the time of 50% flowering. Shading treatment significantly affected the number of leaf stomata. Shading and yardlong bean genotypes did not significantly differ in leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content, fresh harvest age, the number of fresh pods per plant, fresh pod weight per plant, and productivity. The F8 generation yardlong bean plants showed tolerance to shading as they could maintain growth and yield. The FS 10-1-8 genotype has the fastest flowering speed compared to the FG parent.

Author Biographies

Latifah Zulfaa, Universitas Diponegoro

Agroecotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Science

Syaiful Anwar, Universitas Diponegoro

Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Breeding, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Science

Florentina Kusmiyati, Universitas Diponegoro

Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Breeding, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Science

Fajrin Pramana Putra, Universitas Diponegoro

Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Breeding, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Science

References

Alam, B., Singh, R., Uthappa, A. R., Chaturvedi, M., Singh, A. K., Newaj, R., Chaturvedi, O. P. (2018). Different genotypes of Dalbergia sissoo trees modified microclimate dynamics differently on understory crop cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as assessed through ecophysiological and spectral traits in agroforestry system. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 249, 138–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.11.031

Alves, C. M. L., Chang, H.-Y., Tong, C. B. S., Rohwer, C. L., Avalos, L., & Vickers, Z. M. (2022). Artificial Shading Can Adversely Affect Heat-tolerant Lettuce Growth and Taste, with Concomitant Changes in Gene Expression. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 147(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS05124-21

Bakhtiar, I. F., S. Anwar, and F. Kusmiyati. 2020. Analysis of Genetic Variability and Heritability of Agronomic Characters from Crossing Yardlong Bean of Fagiola IPB x Super Putih. Journal of Tropical Crop Science and Technology 2(1):13–20.

Fiorucci, A.-S., Michaud, O., Schmid-Siegert, E., Trevisan, M., Allenbach Petrolati, L., Çaka Ince, Y., & Fankhauser, C. (2022). Shade suppresses wound-induced leaf repositioning through a mechanism involving Phytochrome Kinase Substrate (PKS) genes. PLOS Genetics, 18(5), e1010213. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010213

Haque, M. M., & Ahmed, J. U. (2010). Morpho-Physiological Changes and Yield Performance of Yard Long Bean Under Reduced Light Levels. J.Sher-e-Bangla Agric. Univ., 4(2), 88–93.

Hermawan, A., Rochdiani, D., & Hardiyanto, T. (2017). Analisis Usahatani Kacang Panjang (Vigna sinensis L.) Varietas Parade. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Agroinfo Galuh, 1(2), 77. https://doi.org/10.25157/jimag.v1i2.246

Khusni, L., Hastuti, R. B., & Prihastanti, E. (2018). Pengaruh Naungan terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Bayam Merah (Alternanthera amoena Voss.). Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi, 3(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.3.1.2018.62-70

Kiptot, E., Franzel, S., and Degrande, A. (2014). Gender, agroforestry and food security in Africa. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 6(1), 104–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2013.10.019

Kusuma, A. B. A., & Bahri, S. (2022). Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Phonska terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Beberapa Varieta Kacang Panjang (Vigna sinensis L.). Innofarm: Jurnal Inovasi Pertanian, 24(1), 126–130.

Lysandra, C. L., & Purnamaningsih, S. L. (2019). Respon dan Hasil Beberapa Genotipe Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) pada Naungan di Bawah Tegakan Pohon Jati (Tectona grandis L.F.). 7.

Mwangi, J. W., Okoth, O. R., Kariuki, M. P., & Piero, N. M. (2021). Genetic and phenotypic diversity of selected Kenyan mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilckzek) genotypes. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 19(1), 142. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-021-00245-9

Paudel, D., Dareus, R., Rosenwald, J., Muñoz-Amatriaín, M., & Rios, E. F. (2021). Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Candidate Genes for Flowering Time in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.). Frontiers in Genetics, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.667038

Putra, F. P., Kusmiyati, F., Anwar, S., Widaryati, W., & Sas, M. G. A. (2022). Variation in leaf characters and agronomical traits of Yard-long bean genotypes between Dimocarpus longan and Psidium guajava stand. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 23(11), 5752–5758. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d231127

Puspita, D., Rahardjo, M., & Kirana, S. F. (2021). Formulasi Food Bar dari Kacang Lokal Pulau Timor Sebagai Pangan Darurat. Science Technology and Management Journal, 1(2), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.53416/stmj.v1i2.18

Saputra, A. W., Roviq, Moch., & Barunawati, N. (2018). Pengaruh Naungan pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.). 6.

Schulz, V. S., Munz, S., Stolzenburg, K., Hartung, J., Weisenburger, S., & Graeff-Hönninger, S. (2019). Impact of Different Shading Levels on Growth, Yield and Quality of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Agronomy, 9(6), 330. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060330

Setiawati, W., Murtiningsih, R., Sopha, G. A., & Handayani, T. (2007). Petunjuk Teknis Budidaya Tanaman Sayuran. Bandung: Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Pusat Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Hortikultura Badan Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pertanian.

Sun, T., S. Rao, X. Zhou, and L. Li. (2022). Plant carotenoids: recent advances and future perspectives. Molecular Horticulture 2(1):3.

Thangata, P. H., & Hildebrand, P. E. (2012). Carbon stock and sequestration potential of agroforestry systems in smallholder agroecosystems of sub-Saharan Africa: Mechanisms for ‘reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, Complete (158), 172–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.007

Umesh, M., Angadi, S., Begna, S., Gowda, P., & Prasad, P. V. V. (2022). Shade tolerance response of legumes in terms of biomass accumulation, leaf photosynthesis, and chlorophyll pigment under reduced sunlight. Crop Science, 63(1), 278–292. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20851

Wu, Y., Gong, W., & Yang, W. (2017). Shade Inhibits Leaf Size by Controlling Cell Proliferation and Enlargement in Soybean. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 9259. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10026-5

Yang, C., & Li, L. (2017). Hormonal Regulation in Shade Avoidance. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1527. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01527