Analisis Ketergantungan Petani Padi Terhadap Tengkulak Dalam Sistem Pemasaran di Sentra Produksi Padi Kecamatan Pace
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30737/jintan.v4i2.5697Keywords:
Agricultural Policy, Dependency, Farmers, Marketing System, MiddlemenAbstract
In the current era, farmers in Indonesia, as an agricultural country, face significant challenges in post-harvest and marketing activities, often relying heavily on middlemen. This dependence is influenced by limited capital, transportation assistance, and kinship relationships. Farmers usually sell their crops to middlemen at lower prices, which affects their income and sustainability. This research aims to analyze the factors that cause the dependence of rice farmers in Pace District on middlemen in the marketing system. This research used a purposive sampling method in three villages in Pace District, involving 40 rice farmers and five key informants (middlemen). Data were analyzed using logistic regression and Spearman correlation to determine the influence of various factors on dependency and satisfaction levels. Logistic regression results show that limited capital and kinship relationships significantly influence farmers' dependence on middlemen. Spearman's correlation showed a weak and insignificant relationship between reasons for dependence and level of satisfaction. Policy interventions should focus on providing alternative capital and improving transportation and market access to reduce reliance on middlemen. Creating agricultural cooperatives and rural financial institutions can empower farmers, ensuring more equitable and sustainable relationships.
Di era sekarang, petani di Indonesia, sebagai negara agraris, menghadapi tantangan signifikan dalam kegiatan pascapanen dan pemasaran, sering kali sangat bergantung pada tengkulak. Ketergantungan ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor seperti keterbatasan modal, bantuan transportasi, dan hubungan kekerabatan. Petani sering menjual hasil panen mereka kepada tengkulak dengan harga yang lebih rendah, yang mempengaruhi pendapatan dan keberlanjutan mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan ketergantungan petani padi di Kecamatan Pace terhadap tengkulak dalam sistem pemasaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling di tiga desa di Kecamatan Pace, melibatkan 40 petani padi dan 5 informan kunci (tengkulak). Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi logistik dan korelasi Spearman untuk menentukan pengaruh berbagai faktor terhadap ketergantungan dan tingkat kepuasan. Hasil regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa keterbatasan modal dan hubungan kekerabatan secara signifikan mempengaruhi ketergantungan petani pada tengkulak. Korelasi Spearman menunjukkan hubungan yang lemah dan tidak signifikan antara alasan ketergantungan dan tingkat kepuasan. Untuk mengurangi ketergantungan pada tengkulak, intervensi kebijakan harus fokus pada penyediaan modal alternatif dan peningkatan akses transportasi dan pasar. Pembentukan koperasi pertanian dan lembaga keuangan pedesaan juga dapat memberdayakan petani, memastikan hubungan yang lebih adil dan berkelanjutan.
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