Kendala Petani Padi Dalam Menerapkan Sistem Padi Organik (Studi Kasus: Desa Damarwulan Kecamatan Kepung Kabupaten Kediri)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30737/jintan.v4i1.5323Kata Kunci:
Barriers, farming, Organic farmingAbstrak
This research aims to understand the implementation of organic rice farming in Damarwulan Village, Kepung District, Kediri Regency. This research involved the Ungkal Jaya Farmers Group in Damarwulan Village, Kepung District, Kediri Regency, which consisted of 38 farmers. In this group, 27 members use a conventional rice planting system, while 11 use an organic one. This research found that the average organic rice production per hectare was 6,698 kg for Harvested Dry Grain (GKP) and 5,655 kg for Milled Dry Grain (GKG). If farmers decide to process it into rice, they get around 4,354 kg of rice. Production costs incurred amounted to IDR20,688,409. The average income from organic rice farming in this research location is IDR19,366,286 for GKP, IDR21,586,822 for GKG, and IDR35,776,514 for rice. The research results also revealed several obstacles faced by farmers in cultivating organic rice, including (1) farmers' perception that organic farming is complicated because it requires special treatment, including the use of pesticide-free water, (2) the process takes time because the rice fields are contaminated by chemical residues and limited distribution of organic production facilities, (3) higher risk of pest and disease attacks, (4) market price uncertainty, and (5) expensive organic certification costs with a validity period of 3 years. Thus, organic rice cultivation has high-profit potential. However, farmers face various obstacles, such as the limited supply of organic resources, changes in farmer behavior patterns, the threat of plant pest organisms, and market uncertainty for organic rice.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami implementasi pertanian padi organik di Desa Damarwulan, Kecamatan Kepung, Kabupaten Kediri. Penelitian ini melibatkan Kelompok Tani Ungkal Jaya di Desa Damarwulan, Kecamatan Kepung, Kabupaten Kediri, yang terdiri dari 38 petani. Dalam kelompok ini, 27 anggota menerapkan sistem tanam padi konvensional, sementara 11 anggota menerapkan sistem tanam padi organik. Pada riset ini, ditemukan bahwa rata-rata produksi padi organik per hektar adalah 6.698 kg untuk Gabah Kering Panen (GKP) dan 5.655 kg untuk Gabah Kering Giling (GKG). Jika petani memutuskan untuk mengolahnya menjadi beras, mereka mendapatkan sekitar 4.354 kg beras. Biaya produksi yang dikeluarkan sebesar Rp20.688.409. Rata-rata pendapatan dari usahatani padi organik di lokasi penelitian ini adalah Rp19.366.286 untuk GKP, Rp21.586.822 untuk GKG, dan Rp35.776.514 untuk beras. Hasil penelitian juga mengungkapkan beberapa kendala yang dihadapi petani dalam budidaya padi organik, antara lain: (1) persepsi petani bahwa pertanian organik rumit karena memerlukan perlakuan khusus, termasuk penggunaan air bebas pestisida, (2) proses yang memakan waktu karena tercemarnya sawah oleh residu kimia dan keterbatasan sarana produksi organik yang merata, (3) risiko serangan hama dan penyakit yang lebih tinggi, (4) ketidakpastian harga pasar, dan (5) biaya sertifikasi organik yang mahal dengan masa berlaku selama 3 tahun. Dengan demikian, budidaya padi organik sebenarnya memiliki potensi keuntungan yang tinggi, namun petani dihadapkan pada berbagai kendala, seperti keterbatasan pasokan sumber daya organik, perubahan pola perilaku petani, ancaman organisme pengganggu tanaman, dan ketidakpastian pasar beras organik.
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